What is DDoS denial of service?

What everyone needs to know about DDos?

DDoS stands for Distributed Denial of Service. A malicious hacker uses a DDoS attack to form a computer resource (i.e. – website, application, e-mail, voicemail, network) stop responding to legitimate users. The malicious hacker will this by commanding a fleet of remotely-controlled computers to send a flood of network traffic to the target. The target becomes therefore busy dealing with the attacker’s requests that it doesn’t have time to reply to legitimate users’ requests. that can cause the target system to prevent responding, resulting in long delays and outages.

What is a distributed attack?

One DDoSer can do a lot of injury. These denial of service attacks area unit known as distributed as a result of they are available from several computers right away. A DDoSer controls an outsized variety of computers that have been infected by a Trojan virus. The virus is a small application that allows remote command-and-control capabilities of the computer while not the user’s information.

What is a zombie and a botnet?

The virus-infected computers area unit known as zombies – as a result of they are doing whatever the DDoSer commands them to try and do. an outsized cluster of zombie computers is termed a robot network, or botnet.

Universal Acceptance of All Top-Level Domains : Dos and Don’ts

✘ Don’t check domain validity if you don’t need to. A lot of applications don’t need to constrain the domain field, so unless you have a compelling reason to constrain it, leave it open.

✘ Don’t check the length of a domain to determine validity. You can no longer assume domain endings

will be 2 or 3 characters long. They potentially can be between 1 and 63 characters long.

✔ Do use an IDN library to properly convert domain names if they are received in multiple formats. There are many libraries (a lot of them are free) that are used by major software vendors to implement this functionality. Make sure the library supports the most current (“IDNA2008”) standard, as the older standard introduces compatibility issues.

✘ Don’t use a hard-coded list of domains in your application. If you need to check if a domain exists, the best way to do it is using the DNS protocol. A live DNS query happens quickly and will provide your application with the most up-to-date data available.

✔ If you require a hard-coded list, do make sure it is regularly updated (e.g., daily) using an appropriate methodology. ICANN provides some sample toolkits on how this might be done.

✔ Do ask questions if you are not sure. ICANN is happy to help provide advice to software developers and implementers on what is needed. Contact us at: tld-acceptance@icann.org.

✔ Do report websites or software that has problems accepting newer domains. If you notice a website that has problems, let us know and we’ll try to reach out to the operators to encourage them to follow these guidelines.

Universal Acceptance of All Top-Level Domains

What’s a TLD?

A top-level domain (TLD) is the suffix at the end of a domain name, such as “.com”, “.uk” and “.nz”. It represents the highest level division of the Domain Name System (DNS) hierarchy.

What’s the problem with acceptance of all TLDs?

The Internet is growing. In the 1980s and 1990s, the format of domain names followed a simple pattern. All domains ended with a small number of common 3 character long endings like “.com” and “.net”, or a two-letter code that represented a country like “.de” and “.uk”.

Times have changed. Since 2001, TLDs comprised of more than 3 characters long (think of “.info” or “.museum”) were introduced, and since 2010, non-Latin strings – known as internationalized domain names (IDNs) – have been added to the root zone. The ICANN Board’s approval of the new gTLD program in 2011 will allow for hundreds of additional TLDs to be added. This means that the variety of domain names will expand even further.

Software vendors, web site developers, and others might limit what they allow as a valid domain name in their applications. This might constrain the Internet’s growth, consumer choice and promotion of market competition on-line. The effort toward universal acceptance of domains seeks to ensure that the systems that perform domain name validation do it in a correct way that allows for all valid domains to function correctly. Domains should work regardless of the script they are written in or the time they were implemented: 20 years ago or yesterday.

To properly support today’s DNS, implementers need to deploy software and solutions that cater to all of these developments. Software needs to fully accept all the variety of domain names. This includes domain endings containing 4 or more characters and internationalized domain names.

ICANN : Final Initial Evaluation Results Published

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) has finished the Initial Evaaluation for the 1930 new gTLD applications.

Out of the 1930 new gTLD applications, only 1783 passed the Initial Evaluation (IE).Some of the applications have been withdrawn without even reaching the Initial Evaluation.

ICANN had three possible outcomes of Initial Evaluation :

-Pass

-Eligible for Extended Evaluation

-Ineligible for Further Review

33 out of the initial 1930 new gTLD applications have passed the Extended Evaluation. Extended Evaluation is available for those that did not probide sufficient information in Initial Evaluation to pass technical, financial, registry services or geographic names review.

You can see the status of all new gTLDs here.

Source: Domainnews